Evaluación de factores de riesgo del intento suicida en población clínica hospitalaria en la Comunidad de Madrid

espanolFundamentos: Los intentos de suicidio han aumentado considerablemente en las ultimas decadas. Son de causa multifactorial con componentes biopsicosociales prevenibles. El intento suicida constituye un evento vital que repercute en el sistema familiar y en el socioeconomico, presentando importantes repercusiones en la salud publica. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores de riesgo y proteccion que se asociaban con el intento suicida en la poblacion hospitalaria de un area de la Comunidad de Madrid. Metodos: Se realizo un estudio analitico de casoscontroles pareados de los pacientes que acudieron por intento de suicidio al hospital de referencia del Area 6 de la Comunidad de Madrid durante el ano 2016. Se calcularon porcentajes y para establecer la asociacion se utilizaron pruebas de chi-cuadrado y calculo de odds ratio con sus intervalos de confianza y para una significacion estadistica de p≤0,05. Resultados: Se reconocio asociacion con el intento suicida de las siguientes variables: depresion, conflictividad de pareja, antecedentes psiquiatricos y elevada ansiedad, entre otros. Se hallo influencia de insuficientes ingresos economicos y el escaso nivel educativo. De los 67 casos, 59,7% fueron del sexo femenino, con un predominio de los grupos etarios de 21-30 y 31-40 anos con 28,36% en ambos. El 82,2% presentaron bajos ingresos economicos. Un 35,8% consumia drogas. El 62,7% presentaba alguna enfermedad cronica. Presentaron ansiedad elevada un 59,7%, depresion mayor el 53,7% e impulsividad alta el 67,1%. Conclusiones: Existen factores psicopatologicos y personales de conducta relacionados con los intentos de suicidio, asi como un alto porcentaje de personas que intentan suicidarse por factores de privacion socioeconomica y cultural. EnglishBackground: Suicide attempts have increased considerably in recent decades. They are multifactorial in nature with preventable biopsychosocial components. Suicide attempt constitutes a vital event that affects the family and socioeconomic systems with important repercussions on public health. It is important to identify and analyze the associated risk factors, so that health professionals can consider them in their clinical practice in order to prevent them. The objective of this study was to identify the risk and protection factors that were associated with suicide attempt in the hospital population of an area of the Community of Madrid. Methods: An analytical study of paired case-controls of patients who attended the reference hospital in Area 6 of the Community of Madrid during 2016 was carried out. Percentages were calculated and chi-square tests were used to establish an association and calculation of odds ratio with its confidence intervals and for a statistical significance of p≤0.05. Results: An association was identified between the suicide attempts of the following variables: depression, couple conflict, psychiatric history and high anxiety, among others. Influence of insufficient economic income and low educational level was found. Of the 67 cases, 59.7% were female, with a predominance of the age groups 21-30 and 31-40 years with 28.36% in both. 82.2% had low income. 35.8% used drugs. 62.7% had some chronic disease. 59.7% presented high anxiety, 53.7% major depression and 67.1% high impulsivity. Conclusions: There are psychopathological and personal behavioral factors related to suicide attempts, as well as a high percentage of people who attempt to commit suicide by factors of socio-economic and cultural deprivation.