Improved antiproliferative activity of novel Pulsatilla saponin D/α-hederin derivatives containing nitric oxide donors

A series of Pulsatilla saponin D (PSD) and α-hederin derivatives bearing NO donors were designed, synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. Among them, most of the target compounds exhibited strong antiproliferative activities against the tested cancer cell lines, and derivatives 5a, 5b and 5c exhibited high levels of NO release. Furthermore, compound 5c treated with a dose of 15 mg kg−1 showed a more potent tumor inhibitory effect than that of Taxol (27.44% vs. 23.26%). In addition, compound 5c blocked the cell cycle at the S phase and induced cancer cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.