Learning Beyond 'Hands And Feet' In Offshore Helicopter Operations: Integrating The Individual With The Social In Crm And Sa

This article makes situated learning theories central to an analysis of offshore helicopter in-flight emergency response, where rule following is mandatory for safety reasons. We examine the ways in which individual learning is connected to situated learning, particularly as relates to multiple forms of knowledge and directive documentation such as standard operating procedures and emergency checklists. The analysis connects to sociotechnical skills, contextual factors, and organizational culture; details five generations of crew resource management (CRM) training, positioning this research within the fifth generation and in relation to situation awareness (SA). It describes and provides guidance on how training, which is focused on error recognition, management, and mitigation, as well as communication, understanding, and innovation, can improve CRM performance. Finally, we make recommendations for future research based on our analysis for combining CRM and SA in ways that enable the sharing of tacit knowledge to increase pilots' understanding of their work through legitimate peripheral participation.