Aspects Thérapeutiques et Évolutifs de la Maladie de Basedow à l’Hôpital Militaire d’Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire)

HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASES(2020)

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Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction. Graves\u0027 disease is an autoimmune disorder that associates thyrotoxicosis with manifestations of variable frequency, such as goiter, ophthalmopathy, and pre-tibial myxedema. Diagnosis is often easy, and management requires accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment with synthetic antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, or surgery. Our study aimed to describe the therapeutic and progressive aspects of Graves\u0027 disease in our setting. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2016 in the Internal Medicine department of the Military Hospital of Abidjan. Our study variables were the clinical pattern, modalities of treatment and outcome. Results. We recorded 112 cases of Graves\u0027 disease out of a total of 234 cases of hyperthyroidism; There were 83 women and 19 men. The mean age was 36.1 years. Thyrotoxicosis syndrome was present in 86.6% of patients; goitre was noted in 82% of patients and exophthalmia in 55.3% of patients. The first-line treatment included a beta-blocker, an anxiolytic, and synthetic antithyroid drugs. Synthetic antithyroid drugs were administered to all patients. Only 17 patients (15%) had surgical treatment. The evolution with a mean duration of 36 months was marked by complete cure for 64 patients (return to euthyroidism); relapse for 14 patients and failure for 4 patients. Fourteen patients developed hypothyroidism and six patients were lost to follow up. Conclusion. Graves’s disease affects mainly young women. The most common clinical presentation associates thyrotoxicosis, goiter and exophtalmos. The first line treatments include beta-blocker, an anxiolytic, and synthetic antithyroid drugs. Response to medical treatment is good for two third patients, while some others either relapse or develop hypothyroidism. Surgery is relatively rare in our practice (15%). RESUME Introduction. La maladie de Basedow est une affection auto immune associant une thyrotoxicose a des manifestations, de frequence variable, comme le goitre, l\u0027ophtalmopathie et le myxœdeme pretibial. Son diagnostic est souvent facile, tandis que sa prise en charge necessite un diagnostic precis et un traitement approprie par les antithyroidiens de synthese (ATS), l’iode radioactif ou la chirurgie. Notre travail avait pour objectif de  decrire les aspects  therapeutiques et evolutifs de la maladie de Basedow dans notre milieu. Methodologie. Etude transversale menee du 1er janvier 2002 au 31 decembre 2016 dans le service de Medecine Interne de l\u0027Hopital Militaire d\u0027Abidjan visant. Les parametres d’interet etaient la presentation clinique, les modalites du traitement et l’evolution. Resultats : Nous avons enregistre  112 cas de maladie de Basedow sur un total de 234 cas d’hyperthyroidies repartis en 83 femmes et 19 hommes d’âge moyen de 36,1 ans. Le syndrome de thyrotoxicose etait present chez 86,6% des patients, un goitre etait note chez 82% des patients et une exophtalmie chez 55,3% des patients.  Le traitement de premiere intention comprenait un betabloqueur, un anxiolytique et un ATS. Tous les patients ont ete mis sous ATS. L’evolution sous traitement medical de duree moyenne de 36 mois a ete marquee par la guerison chez 64 patients avec passage a l’euthyroidie, la rechute chez 14 malades et la resistance chez 4 patients. Quatorze patients ont evolue vers l\u0027hypothyroidie et six ont ete perdus de vue. Dix sept patients (15%) ont ete operes. Conclusion. La maladie de Basedow affecte avant tout la femme jeune. Le tableau clinque associe typiquement un syndrome de thyrotoxicose, un goitre et une exophtalmie. L’evolution sous traitement medical est favorable pour environ deux tiers des patients, alors qu’un pourcentage non negligeable developpe une resistance ou evolue vers l’hypothyroidie. La chirurgie est pratiquee dans environ 15% des cas.
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Key words
Graves' Ophthalmopathy,Thyroid Eye Disease
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