Safety Evaluation of Recombinant Fusion Protein RP22 as a Skin Test Reagent for Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Phase I Clinical Trial

Introduction This phase I clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety of RP22 as a skin test reagent for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and to explore the appropriate dosage. Methods We used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled identification allergen (IA) skin test. A total of 72 healthy adult volunteers with negative chest X-ray results were randomized into six groups and given a QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) test. Of the 12 participants in each group, eight received RP22 and four received placebo. The doses of RP22 in the six experimental groups ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 μg in a single intradermal injection of 0.1 ml. Skin reactions and adverse events were recorded at intervals. Results All doses of RP22 except the highest were well tolerated and safe. No serious adverse events associated with the injection were observed in all groups. There were 11 participants who had positive QFT results, eight had a skin reaction with a redness or induration area diameter of greater than 10 mm at 48–72 h, one had no skin reaction. Among the 60 negative-QFT participants, none had a reaction area diameter of greater than 10 mm. Conclusion The RP22 skin test was well tolerated and safe, it could play a key role in screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) by providing a much-wanted alternative to the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs).