Adverse Neonatal and Obstetric Outcomes in a 20-year Brazilian Retrospective Cohort of Pregnancies after Bariatric Surgery

Purpose Evaluation of obstetric and neonatal outcomes in a Brazilian retrospective cohort of pregnancies after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), regarding the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations about gestational weight gain (GWG) and RYGB-conception interval. Additionally, search for intrapopulation risk factors for small gestational age (SGA) offspring and mental health assessments. Material and methods Retrospective analysis of 132 singleton pregnancies after RYGB. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were analyzed with stratification in above, below, or meeting the target regarding GWG guidance, and 0–12, 12–47, and ≥48 months for RYGB-conception interval. SGA risk factors were identified through Poisson regression analysis. Results GWG below the recommendations was associated with prematurity ( p 0.003). Late conceptions (≥48 months) were associated with iron deficiency ( p 0.025). Parenteral iron prescription was a protective factor for SGA, with a relative risk of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.20–0.85; p 0.017), and GWG below target was a SGA risk factor, with a relative risk of 4.68 (95% CI, 1.48–14.8; p 0.008). In all, 15.2% of patients had psychopharmacological treatment during pregnancy, and 7.6% received a diagnosis of postpartum depression. Any alcohol and tobacco consumption were reported in 3.8 and 6.8% of patients, respectively. Conclusion The recommendations regarding GWG apply to the RYGB population, and surgery-conception intervals should be individualized. The parenteral iron prescription was a protective factor for SGA, and GWG below the recommendations of the IOM was a risk factor for SGA. Psychological and psychiatric care should be offered to every possible pregnancy after RYGB. Graphical abstract