Low productivity of wheat in Bastar region with special Enphasis on effect of temperature on phenology, growth and yield of wheat: A review

The changing climate is one of the biggest threats to agriculture during the years ahead. According to estimates, on an average 50% yield losses in agricultural crops are due to different abiotic factors. The expected changes in the climate could strongly affect the wheat production worldwide. Among various factors affecting wheat productivity, the increase in atmospheric temperature has the most significant effect. The temperature above optimum shortens the vegetative and reproductive phases. Generally, the growing degree days (GDD) or heat unit requirement to produce a mature winter wheat crop is approximately 2200, using 4° Celsius as the base temperature. Exposure to heat stress accelerates the development stages in wheat crop which in turn leads to reduced grain yield as well as quality. The high temperature during vegetative stage reduces the number of effective tillers per unit area and during reproductive stages leads to reduced grain number as well as grain weight. This review highlighted the outcome of high temperature on growth, yield and its attributing characters of wheat and need for further research studies.