Optimisation of the Method of Stem Cells Mediated Tissue Remodelling in Diabetic Wound Healing

Introduction: Incomplete, slow or limited wound healing is one of the major disabling events accompanying diabetic patients. At the present time, there is no effective treatments which enable efficient wound healing in diabetic patients. Aim: To optimise the method of loading of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) with S-Allyl Cysteine (SAC) from aged garlic extract and invitro optimisation of the delivery process, attachment and optimisation of stem cells and loaded stem cells to the fibroin matrix in induction of wound recovery completion in a model of diabetic wound healing. Materials and Methods: It was a preclinical invitro model which employed the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties of fibroin matrix after populating them with drug-loaded human MSCs. This combination allowed slow and sustained release of the active substance into the wound and with the stem cells, promoted tissue remodelling thereby, inducing enhanced wound recovery in diabetic model. Results: Mixture of SAC and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) was most effective. S-Allyl Mercaptocysteine (SAMC) protected angiogenesis and showed tube formation in the presence of advanced glycation end-products. Protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis-Propidium Iodide (PI) staining shows protective effects of the cysteine compounds particularly SAC and SAMC. Conclusion: Present study results provide possibilities of utilising tissue-engineered fibroin matrix with drug loaded human MSC as a potential therapeutic technique, due to its beneficial effects in terms of cell attachment and bioactive factor loading, for diabetic wound healing.