A Sensor for 3-D Component Measurement of Synthetic Electric Field Vector in HVDC Transmission Lines Using Unidirectional Motion

High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines have been widely used in China, and the electromagnetic effects of the synthetic electric field generated by them on the surrounding environment have attracted more and more attention. Especially when there are residential buildings around the transmission lines, the distortion of the electric field makes the research and development of synthetic electric field sensors with three-dimensional (3-D) measurement capability an urgent technical demand. Based on the basic principle of the field mill electric field sensor, this article presents a 3-D field mill structure to obtain the 3-D component of the electric field vector by using unidirectional motion. With the signal processing circuit, we realize the reading of 3-D electric field data. The feasibility of the proposed structure is verified by theoretical deduction analysis, numerical simulation, and prototype tests. The proposed structure provides a new scheme to solve the problems of 3-D synthetic electric field measurement and can enrich the existing methods.