Hybrid dragonfly algorithm and pattern search optimized adaptive fuzzy PID controller for frequency regulation of multi microgrid system using Henkel matrix based reduced‐order model

This paper proposes frequency regulation of multi microgrid systems. The system under study consists of wind energy, solar energy and energy storage system operating in dissimilar combinations to establish equilibrium among the production and consumer demand. In this proposed work, stability analysis of the concerned model is studied using the Henkel matrix approach of the reduced-order model. Again, an attempt is made to apply the adaptive fuzzy proportional integral and derivative (AFPID) controller for frequency control of the system. The optimal gains of the controllers are tuned by reducing the integral time absolute error using a hybrid dragonfly algorithm supported by the pattern search (hDAPS) algorithm. The efficacy of the proposed adaptive fuzzy controller is examined with fuzzy PID and PID for different cases of the concern system. The efficacy of the hDAPS algorithm is justified over the genetic algorithm, dragonfly algorithm and particle swarm optimization. The robustness study also reveals that the systems are offering reduced overshoot and undershoot under different scenarios of load and source environment. To demonstrate expediency of the proposed controller sensitivity analysis was carried out under different loading conditions. In addition, to show the efficiency of the hDAPS tuned AFPID controller, the outcomes were associated with other artificial intelligence methods reported in the literature.