Strengthening and ductilization of a refractory high-entropy alloy over a wide strain rate range by multiple heterostructures

To improve the mechanical properties of refractory high -entropy alloy (RHEA), whose strain hardening capacity is relatively weak, over a wide strain rate range, the multi-heterostructure strategy is investigated in this work. Based on the composition and annealing design, the multi-heterostructure consisting of two mutually coherent body -centred cubic solid solution matrices and penetrating complex phases is achieved in TiZrNbTaNi0.05 RHEA (MH-RHEA). Under quasi -static loading, this multi-heterostructure takes both good precipitation strengthening and hetero-deformation-induced hardening effects, diversifies the deformation modes, finally promotes the strain hardening capacity and deformation homogeneity. The tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of MH-RHEA are 1195 +/- 12 MPa, 1235 +/- 9 MPa and 22.4 +/- 1.0 %, respectively, which are 18 %, 20 % and 50 % higher than those of the base alloy. Under dynamic loading (-103 s-1), the thermal effect can be neutralized and the deformation localization is avoided. Consequently, a high yield strength of -1450 MPa and a large ultimate strain of -25 % without fracture at a high strain rate of 2390 s-1 are realized in MH-RHEA. This heterostructure strategy offers a new paradigm to enhance the strength and ductility simultaneously of RHEAs over a wide strain rate range.