Reciprocal recurrent selection based on genetic complementation: An efficient way to build heterosis in diploids due to directional dominance

Depending on the trait architecture and reproduction system, selection strategies in plant breeding focus on the accumulation of additive, dominance effects, or both. Innovation in the accumulation of dominance-effect-based heterosis has been limited since the proposal of GCA-based approaches and very few strategies to exploit it better have been proposed. We propose the use of a new surrogate of genetic complementation between genetic pools to increase accumulation of dominance effects and heterosis . We simulated breeding programs to show how reciprocal recurrent selection by genetic complementation would build the dominance-based heterosis but cheaper than GCA-based approaches and used real phenotypic data from hybrid maize to demonstrate the underlying concepts. We found reciprocal recurrent selection by genetic complementation to be an attractive and viable strategy to exploit dominance, build de novo heterotic pools and boost the current GCA-based approaches. If demonstrated in practice, we hypothesized that this approach would lower the cost of breeding drastically and contribute to food security. Key message Heterotic patterns can be developed quickly through genetic complementation surrogates to produce high-performance hybrids at a low cost in diploid species displaying dominance and boost GCA-based approaches in hybrid breeding. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.