狭叶坡垒枝叶粗提物抑菌活性研究
wf(2016)
Abstract
采用菌丝生长速率法,以西瓜枯萎菌( Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. cucumerirum Owen)、烟草赤星菌[ Al?ternaria longipes(Ell. et Eu)Tisdale et Wadk]、香蕉大灰斑菌[Curvularia lunata(Wakker) Boedijin]、烟草灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea Pers)和水稻纹枯菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn)为靶标,对采自广西十万大山的16种植物的甲醇粗提物进行了生物活性筛选,结果表明,狭叶坡垒(Hopea chinensis Hand.Mass)、水茄(Solanum touvum Swartz)等7种植物粗提物对5种供试真菌均有活性,其中狭叶坡垒抑菌活性最为显著;进一步测定了狭叶坡垒石油醚萃取层、乙酸乙酯萃取层及水萃取层对玉米大斑菌( Helminthosporium turcicum Pass)、稻胡麻叶斑菌( Helminthospo?rium oryzae Breda de Haan)和西瓜枯萎菌( F. oxysporum Schl. f. sp)等21种供试植物病原真菌的生物活性,结果表明,5 mg/mL狭叶坡垒乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑菌活性最强,对水稻恶苗菌[ Gibberella fujikuroi( Saw) Wollenw]、香蕉黑条叶斑菌( Mycosphaerella fijiensis Marelet)和香蕉褐缘灰斑菌( Cercospora musae Zimm)等18种植物病原菌均有一定抑制作用,其中对烟草黑胫病菌( Phytophthora nicotianae Breda)的抑制率达100%,对香蕉叶缘枯菌( Alternaria musae Bour. et Bat)、香蕉大灰斑菌[ Curvalaria lunata( Wakker) Boedijin]、甘蔗凤梨病菌[ Ceratocystis paradoxa(Dade)Moreau]、甘蓝黑斑菌[Alternaria brassicola(Schw.)Wiltshire]和水稻纹枯菌(R. solani)的抑制率分别为89.00%、94.12%、90.35%、89.93%和85.13%。对烟草黑胫病菌(C. nicotianae)、香蕉叶缘枯菌(A. mu?sae)、香蕉大灰斑菌( C. lunata)、甘蔗凤梨病菌( C. paradoxa)、甘蓝黑斑菌( A. brassicola)和水稻纹枯菌( R. sola?ni)的EC50分别为:0.4758,2.6429,0.6147,0.4674,0.9777,3.4637 mg/mL。对甘蔗凤梨病菌( C. paradoxa)、甘蓝黑斑菌( A. brassicola)进行孢子萌发实验,其EC50分别为0.7166 mg/mL、1.7844 mg/mL。研究结果为进一步研究狭叶坡垒枝叶中的抑菌活性成分提供了基础数据。
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