Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency in children with or without anemia: consensus recommendations of the SPOG Pediatric Hematology Working Group

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency affecting children and adolescents worldwide. A consistent body of epidemiological data demonstrates an increased incidence of iron deficiency at three timepoints: in the neonatal period, in preschool children, and in adolescents, where it particularly affects females. Conclusion : This narrative review focuses on the most suggestive symptoms of iron deficiency in childhood, describes the diagnostic procedures in situations with or without anemia, and provides Swiss expert-based management recommendations for the pediatric context. What is Known: • Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most common challenges faced by pediatricians. • Significant progress in the diagnosis and therapy of ID has been made over the last decade. What is New: • Our expert panel provides ID management recommendations based on the best available evidence. • They include strategies for ID diagnosis and therapy, both oral and intravenous.