Testosterone Associations With Current Depression and Schizophrenia, and Future PTSD in the UK Biobank

Testosterone is involved in many important primary human traits e.g., reproduction and sexual functioning. Furthermore, testosterone is related to stress responses and various psychosocial and behavioral factors. The substantial difference in psychiatric disorder prevalence rates between males and females might suggest sex-specific differences in the regulation of essential biological pathways (e.g. testosterone production). Surprisingly, the association between testosterone levels and psychiatric outcomes has been poorly studied. Here, we investigated the association between testosterone levels and, depression, schizophrenia, and PTSD.