Evaluation of the effect of Waste steel Shaving, damage severity and strain level on the healing behavior of asphalt mixtures at different damaging-healing cycles

•The effect of strain and damage level and the healing method on the performance of HMA is studied.•Increasing the strain level leads to better healing performance in the first damaging-healing cycle.•The healing performance is improved at low strain levels even if any heating is not applied.•Using WSS additive causes non-uniform temperature distribution during microwave induction.•Using WSS increases the absorption speed and heat loss during microwave induction.