Anti-Vpr activities of sesqui- and diterpenoids from the roots and rhizomes of Kaempferia candida

New copaene-type and nerolidol-type sesquiterpenoids, 7-hydroxymustakone ( 1 ) and 15-hydroxynerolidol ( 2 ), and a 15-norlabdane diterpenoid, kaempcandiol ( 3 ), together with four known compounds ( 4 – 7 ) were isolated from the chloroform extract of Kaempferia candida roots and rhizomes. The structures of the new compounds 1 – 3 were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses. The extract of the K. candida roots and rhizomes and all isolated compounds 1 – 7 possessed HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) inhibitory activities on the TREx-HeLa-Vpr cell line at a 5 μM concentration, without detectable cytotoxicity.