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Ophthalmology(2004)

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摘要
The earliest recognition of disease was descriptive. The word for cataract owes its origin to the similarity in appearance between the lens and the waterfalls of the Nile River in Upper Egypt. As medical observation became more sophisticated, presumed disease pathologic features were described by a combination of symptoms and signs. Multiple abnormalities were grouped together as a “syndrome.” To keep these straight, physicians adopted several ploys. In the absence of an understanding of pathophysiology, Jonathan Hutchinson, an English surgeon, naturalist, scientist, and ophthalmologist in the latter portion of the nineteenth century, described disease processes by the name of the patient afflicted. Pity poor Sarah if “Sarah's disease” was his original description of syphilis. This practice was not widely accepted. Most doctors chose (albeit perhaps with some ego) to name the syndromic findings after the first physician who described it or who brought it to public attention by presentation or within the literature. This was neither the first nor last example of the importance of a publicist. These eponyms have remained with us into the twentieth and even the twenty-first century. The chief reason for their longevity has been our lack of understanding of the true pathophysiologic process behind even common disease processes.
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