Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale in a Sample of Iranian Waterpipe Smokers.

Bagher Pahlavanzadeh,Seyed Abolhassan Naghibi,Rahman Berdi-Ozounidavaji,Fatemeh Zarghami,Shirin Shahbazi-Sighaldeh,Ali Mohammadinia, Mahdieh Sadat Hosseini,Kamal Mirkarimi, Amangholi Rahimi,Mohammad Shoaib-Hamrah,Edwin Paul,Abdurrahman Charkazi

Addiction & health（2020）

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摘要

All goodness of fit indices (GFIs) represented a good fit of model. The LWDS-11 scale had an appropriate remarkable validity and reliability for waterpipe consumers to measure the level of nicotine dependence and it appeared to be likely useful for utilizing in the clinical and epidemiological studies.

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关键词

Iran,Nicotine,Tobacco,Waterpipe smoking

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