Electronic, Molecular, And Solid-State Structural Effects Of Strong Electron Withdrawing And Donating Groups In Functionalized Fluorophthalonitriles
JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES(2021)
摘要
Perfluoro phthalonitrile substituted separately with perfluoroalkyl (EWG) and NH2, NHMe, and NMe2 (EDG) groups generate a series of aromatic C-H bonds-free nitriles that can now lose electrons, whose HOMO-LUMO gap is narrowed by EDG beyond the level induced by EWG, and whose dipole moments double. Molecular parameters vary linearly with Hammett's free-energy constants, their electronic underpinning being uncovered by DFT calculations. The phthalonitriles' assembling in solid-state structures is determined by forces that transition from van der Waals, in the case of EWG, to H-bonding and/or pi-stacking interactions in the case of EDG, as revealed by their single-crystal X-ray structures.
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关键词
phthalonitrile, fluorophthalonitrile, amino phthalonitrile, electronic substituent effects
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