Antibacterial Potential of Hydro-Ethanolic Extracts from Syzygium Aromaticum (Myrtaceae) on Periodontal Bacteria

ABSTRACT Introduction. The emergence of bacterial resistance is one of the main current major public health threats in controlling infectious diseases, including periodontal diseases. The objective of our study was to assess potentiel antibacterial activity of hydro-ethanolic extracts of Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) on periodontal bacteria. Materials and methods.:This was an experimental study conducted in 2019 over a period of 06 months at the Universite des Montagnes, (Cameroon). The plant material was harvested in Penja (Littoral Cameroon). Periodontal germs were isolated from the periodontal pockets of patients with periodontitis. The phytochemical screening was carried out according to the technique of Bruneton. The antibacterial activity was studied using the disk diffusion method on agar medium and the macro dilution technique. Results. Phytochemical tests revealed at varied concentrations, the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, gallic tannins, alkaloids, coumarins triterpenes and sterols in the maceration product. For the antibacterial potential, the MIC values for the tested organisms ranged from 6.25 through 25 mg/mL. The dry non-delipidated extract was the most effective with a bactericidal effect on all bacteria subjected. Bactericidal property was also recorded with the delipidated extract on F. nucleatum and the fresh extract on A. actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusion. The hydro-ethanolic extracts of Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) have antibacterial activity on periodontal bacteria. RESUME Introduction. L'emergence des resistances bacteriennes est l'une des principales menaces actuelles pour la sante publique en matiere de lutte contre les maladies infectieuses dont les maladies parodontales. L’objectif de notre etude etait d’evaluer l’activite antibacterienne potentielle des extraits hydro-ethanoliques de Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) sur les bacteries parodontopathogenes. Materiels et methodes. Il s'est agi d'une etude experimentale menee en 2019 sur une periode de 06 mois a l'Universite des Montagnes au Cameroun. Le materiel vegetal a ete recolte a Penja (Littoral Cameroun). Les germes parodontaux ont ete isoles a partir des poches parodontales des patients souffrant de parodontite. Le criblage phytochimique a ete mene selon la technique de Bruneton. L’activite antibacterienne a ete etudiee selon la methode de diffusion des disques sur le milieu gelose et la technique de macro dilution. Resultats. Des tests phytochimiques ont revele, a des concentrations variees, la presence de polyphenols, de flavonoides, de tanins galliques, d'alcaloides, de coumarines, de triterpenes et de sterols dans le produit de maceration. Les valeurs de CMI pour des organismes testes se situaient entre 6,25 et 25 mg/ml. L'extrait sec non delipide etait le plus efficace, avec un effet bactericide sur tous les isolats. La propriete bactericide a egalement ete enregistree avec l'extrait delipide sur F. nucleatum et l'extrait frais sur A. actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusion. Les extraits hydro-ethanoliques de Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) ont une activite antibacterienne sur les bacteries parodontales.