Mechanical behaviour, hybridisation and osteoblast activities of novel baghdadite/ PCL-graphene nanocomposite scaffold: viability, cytotoxicity and calcium activity

The research aimed to evaluate the mechanical behaviour, hybridisation and osteoblast activities of novel baghdadite/PCL-graphene nanocomposite scaffold. The mechanical behaviour was examined via measuring the compressive strength and Young's module, the hybridisation was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer Emmet Teller, and the osteoblast activities were assessed via MG-63 osteoblast cells. The results rendered PCL as a significant factor to enhance the mechanical strength of ceramic scaffolds. Due to the existence of sigma and pi covalent bonds in its structure, hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, graphene could be applied in scaffolds' chemical compound to greatly enhance their mechanical and biological behaviours. This scaffold indicated compressive strength and Young's module higher than 2 MPa and 0.05 GPa. Regarding cell behaviours, MG-63 osteoblast cells spread and attached well on the scaffolds confirming the viability, cytotoxicity, excellent cell attachment and proliferation. The results indicated that this scaffold possesses outstanding potential as a temporary substrate for bone tissue engineering.