Design of an Acceleration Redistribution Cooperative Strategy for Collision Avoidance System Based on Dynamic Weighted Multi-Objective Model Predictive Controller

Road traffic accidents, especially those accidents with multiple-vehicle collision usually cause injuries and mortalities. Currently, studies on collision avoidance mainly focus on the control strategies for adjacent two vehicles or multiple vehicles in a single platoon direction. This paper proposes a bi-directional collision avoidance system for multiple vehicles to minimize the collision risk under the model predictive control (MPC) framework through switching the vehicle-following mode based on the inter-vehicular states. A hierarchical structure with an upper layer and a lower layer is designed. A dual-operational mode switching strategy and the vehicle-following model are formulated in the upper layer, together with the development of the acceleration redistribution cooperative strategy for vehicle platoon. While the lower layer is designed to track the desired acceleration received from the upper layer by considering the practical situation of the control commands. To tackle complex transitional operation, a dynamic weighted tuning strategy is proposed and integrated it with the MPC. The numerical results show that the proposed system outperforms the conventional collision avoidance system and is effective to avoid a collision or minimize the total impact of the vehicle platoon when the collision is unavoidable.