A systematic review and meta-analysis on cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults: risk and associated factors

Objectives To identify which factors are associated with cognitive frailty (CF), as well as the impact of CF on the incidence of dementia and mortality. Methods A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out using papers that enrolled a total of 75,379 participants and were published up to January 2020. Results Of the 558 identified records, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed that CF has a significant association of having an older age and a history of falls. In longitudinal studies, the analysis showed a significant increase in risk of mortality and dementia for those with CF. Discussion This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on CF, which addressed a wide variety of factors associated with the theme and which pointed out some as a potential target for prevention or management with different interventions or treatments, showing the clinical importance of its identification in the most vulnerable and susceptible groups.