Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration among optometric telemedicine users in Spain: a retrospective nationwide population-based study
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology(2021)
摘要
Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of AMD among optometric telemedicine users in Spain and to identify risk factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of a nationwide database conducted on subjects attending to optometry centers, between January 2013 and December 2019. Fundus photographs were performed by optometrists, using non-mydriatic cameras, and evaluated by a group of 12 retina specialists. Results Among the 119,877 subjects included, the overall prevalence of AMD was 7.6%. The prevalence of early, intermediate, and advanced AMD was 2.9%, 2.7%, and 2.0%, respectively. Of the 9129 AMD subjects, 1161 (12.7%) had geographic atrophy, and 1089 (11.9%) had neovascular AMD, either scar (4.5%) or exudative (7.4%). There was a significant association between AMD and age (per year older, adjusted odds ratio, OR 1.116; 95% CI 1.114 to 1.119, p <0.0001). Women had higher prevalence (adjusted OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.23, p <0.0001). Every diopter (spherical equivalent) of progress toward hyperopia was associated with a significant increase in early AMD prevalence (adjusted OR 1.02, 95 CI 1.01 to 1.04, p =0.0074). Presence of diabetes was associated with a lower AMD prevalence ( p <0.0001). Conclusions The prevalence of AMD (any eye and any severity) was 7.6%, with a prevalence of advanced AMD of 2.0%. Older age and women were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of AMD, whereas myopia and presence of diabetes were associated with significantly lower odds of any AMD.
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关键词
Age-related macular degeneration, Epidemiology, Macula, Prevalence, Retinal disorders, Retina, Risk factors, Telemedicine
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