氮肥后移对滴灌夏玉米源库特性及产量形成的影响
Journal of China Agricultural University(2017)
Abstract
为研究氮肥后移对夏玉米叶片光合特性的改善、籽粒库容的调节以及增产效应,选择库容差异较大的玉米品种登海605和郑单958,利用滴灌水肥一体化方式设置氮肥全部(100%)底施、底施40%+十二叶展(V12)60%、底施40%+吐丝期60%和底施40%+十二叶展20%+吐丝期40%处理。结果表明,与一次性底施相比,氮肥分次施用处理登海605和郑单958穗位叶光合速率分别增加了14.4%33.3%和6.1%16.9%;籽粒建成期玉米素核苷含量、籽粒绝对含水量、体积分别提高了9.4%53.0%、5.2%13.5%、5.1%13.5%和9.7%45.9%、12.5%36.4%、5.6%30.6%;库容及光合速率的提高促进了籽粒灌浆速率,快速灌浆阶段的灌浆速率分别提高了0.662.24mg/(粒·d)和0.651.64mg/(粒·d)。最终2个品种的粒重及登海605的穗粒数显著提高,分别增产5.8%13.6%和5.1%12.4%。氮肥后移保证了夏玉米全生育期对氮素的需求,源库特性明显改善,产量显著提高,底施40%+十二叶展20%+吐丝期40%施肥方式效果最明显。
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Key words
summer maize,postponing N-fertilizer application,yield,sink capacity,drip irrigation
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