'What the herbal medicine can do for me in a week, the orthodox does in a year': Perceived efficacy of local alternative therapies influences medication adherence in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Background There is strong evidence that anti-platelet therapy, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers and statins are cost-effective in reducing subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). In some settings, only a low proportion of people have access to these medications, and even lower adhere to them. The current study explored and presents data on the causes of poor adherence to orthodox medication and motivations for alternative therapies in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). Methods The study was conducted among city-dwelling adults with ACVD in Accra - Ghana's capital city. Eighteen interviews were conducted with patients with established ACVD. A follow-up focus group discussion was conducted with some of them. The protocol was approved by two ethics review committees based in Ghana and in the United Kingdom. All participants were interviewed after informed consent. Analysis was done with the Nvivo qualitative data analysis software. Results We identified motivations for use of alternatives to orthodox therapies. These cover the five dimensions of adherence: social and economic, health-care system, condition-related, therapy-related, and patient-related dimensions. Perceived inability of an orthodox medication to provide immediate benefit is an important motivator for use of alternative forms of medication. Conclusions A multiplicity of factors precipitate non-adherence to orthodox therapies. Perceived efficacy and easy access to local alternative therapies such as herbal and faith-based therapies are important motivators.