Effect of a Multifactorial Intervention on Fracture in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Subanalysis of the J-DOIT3 Study

Aims: To evaluate the effects of an intensified multifactorial intervention and patient characteristics on the incidence of fractures comorbid with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Fracture events were identified and analyzed among adverse events reported in the J-DOIT3 study, a multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial that was conducted in Japan, in which patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive conventional therapy for glucose, blood pressure, and lipids (targets: HbA1c < 6.9%, blood pressure <130/80 mm Hg, LDL-cholesterol <120mg/dL) or intensive therapy (HbA1c < 6.2%, blood pressure <120/75 mm Hg, LDL-cholesterol <80mg/dL). Results: The cumulative incidence of fractures did not differ between those receiving conventional therapy and those receiving intensive therapy (hazard ratio (HR) 1.15; 95% CI, 0.91-1.47; P = 0.241). Among the potential risk factors, only history of smoking at baseline was significantly associated with the incidence of fractures in men (HR 1.96; 95% CI, 1.04-3.07; P = 0.038). In contrast, the incidence of fractures in women was associated with the FRAX score [%/10 years] at baseline (HR 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07; P < 0.001) and administration of pioglitazone at 1 year after randomization (HR 1.59; 95% CI, 1.06-2.38; P = 0.025). Conclusions: Intensified multifactorial intervention may be implemented without increasing the fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. The fracture risk is elevated in those with a history of smoking in men, whereas it is predicted by the FRAX score and is independently elevated with administration of pioglitazone in women.