Aging-induced microbleeds of the mouse thalamus compared to sensorimotor and memory defects

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between aging and brain vasculature health. Three groups of mice, 3, 17–18, and 24 months, comparable to young adult, middle age, and old human were studied. Prussian blue histology and fast imaging with steady precession T2∗-weighted magnetic resonance imaging were used to quantify structural changes in the brain across age groups. The novel object recognition test was used to assess behavioral changes associated with anatomical changes. This study is the first to show that the thalamus is the most vulnerable brain region in the mouse model for aging-induced vascular damage. Magnetic resonance imaging data document the timeline of accumulation of thalamic damage. Histological data reveal that the majority of vascular damage accumulates in the ventroposterior nucleus and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. Functional studies indicate that aging-induced vascular damage in the thalamus is associated with memory and sensorimotor deficits. This study points to the possibility that aging-associated vascular disease is a factor in irreversible brain damage as early as middle age.