Characteristics, Outcomes, And Trends Of Patients With Covid-19-Related Critical Illness At A Learning Health System In The United States
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE(2021)
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to surge in the United States and globally.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of COVID-19-related critical illness, including trends in outcomes and care delivery.Design: Single-health system, multihospital retrospective cohort study.Setting: 5 hospitals within the University of Pennsylvania Health System.Patients: Adults with COVID-19-related critical illness who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory failure or shock during the initial surge of the pandemic.Measurements: The primary exposure for outcomes and care delivery trend analyses was longitudinal time during the pandemic. The primary outcome was all-cause 28-day in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were all-cause death at any time, receipt of mechanical ventilation (MV), and readmissions.Results: Among 468 patients with COVID-19-related critical illness, 319 (68.2%) were treated with MV and 121 (25.9%) with vasopressors. Outcomes were notable for an all-cause 28-day in-hospital mortality rate of 29.9%, a median ICU stay of 8 days (interquartile range [IQR], 3 to 17 days), a median hospital stay of 13 days (IQR, 7 to 25 days), and an all-cause 30-day readmission rate (among nonhospice survivors) of 10.8%. Mortality decreased over time, from 43.5% (95% CI, 31.3% to 53.8%) to 19.2% (CI, 11.6% to 26.7%) between the first and last 15-day periods in the core adjusted model, whereas patient acuity and other factors did not change.Limitations: Single-health system study; use of, or highly dynamic trends in, other clinical interventions were not evaluated, nor were complications.Conclusion: Among patients with COVID-19-related critical illness admitted to ICUs of a learning health system in the United States, mortality seemed to decrease over time despite stable patient characteristics. Further studies are necessary to confirm this result and to investigate causal mechanisms.
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Key words
critical illness,learning health system,patients
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