The gut microbiome and tryptophan metabolism: focus on gastrointestinal and hepatic gene expression

New-typed two-dimensional (2D) bilayer Janus nanobelts array membrane (marked as BJNAM) is devised and constructed via sequential parallel electrospinning utilizing one-dimensional (1D) Janus nanobelt as conductive and building unit. BJNAM comprises up-to-down two-layer membranes closely connected to form Janus membrane. Owing to its exceptive structure, the BJNAM achieves multi-functionalities of dual aeolotropic conduction, dual-colored up-conversion and down-conversion fluorescence and superparamagnetism. The specific structure of BJNAM realizes macroscopic partition, Janus nanobelt used as building unit actualizes micro-partition, and high integration of micro-partition with macro-partition is synchronously realized in the novel 2D BJNAM, and partition structures assist to reduce adverse mutual influences among diverse functional materials by isolating and limiting them on their own areas on the macro and micro level to achieve excellent poly-functionalities. Furthermore, four kinds of three-dimensional (3D) dual-wall Janus shaped tubes are easily obtained by curling the 2D BJNAM through different plans and the 3D dual-wall Janus shaped tubes possess the same properties as the 2D BJNAM, implying that the structural evolution from microscopic 1D Janus nanobelt to macroscopic 2D dual aeolotropic conductive membrane then to macroscopic 3D Janus shaped tube is achieved. The newly-manufactured 2D and 3D materials have potentials in oil-water separation, biomedicine and flexible electronics.