Atomically Dispersed Dopants for Stabilizing Ceria Surface Area

Ceria is known to be a very good catalyst as well as a support for oxygen transfer (oxidation) as well as for hydrogen transfer (hydrogenation and dehydrogenation) reactions. Many of these reactions occur at high temperatures where ceria is known to sinter, leading to loss of surface area. The thermal stability of ceria can be improved by the addition of dopants, but the location of the dopant atoms and the mechanisms by which ceria stabilization occurs are poorly understood. We show here that dopants located on the surface of ceria are remarkably effective at stabilizing ceria surface area. Keeping metal loading constant at 0.88 mol%, we found that surface area of the ceria aged at 800 degrees C in air for 5 h ranged from 45 m(2)/g to 2 m(2)/g. Strongly bound dopants in atomically dispersed form help to pin surface sites and lower the mobility of ceria.