Economic evaluation of ecological restoration options in gypsum habitats after mining

Degraded ecosystems worldwide are in need of restoration in order to recover essential ecosystem services, promoting biodiversity and enhancing carbon stock. Methods to restore vegetation differ widely in economic cost and effectiveness, but economic evaluations are scarce in the literature. The aim was to perform an economic appraisal of different restoration options for gypsum habitats after mining, analysing the effectiveness of the most feasible options comparing both, ecological success (survival) and economic (costs).