Impact of Pacific Decadal Oscillation in relation to QBO on Indian summer monsoon rainfall

The relationship between Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall (June to September) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) Index for the concurrent and succeeding seasons over all India and its three specific regions, i.e., northeast, northwest, and peninsular region has been examined from the years 1953 to 2016. The information is shared for the full series as well as by grouping the seasonal rainfall of India and PDO data according to the different phases (westerly/easterly) of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) at the 50 hPa level. The results suggest that for full series, the concurrent season July–August–September (JAS) shows higher degree of association as compared with June–July–August (JJA). When the seasonal rainfall and the PDO index data are stratified according to the phase of QBO, correlation coefficient (CC) values are showing a strong inverse association during the easterly phase of QBO over all India and the northwest region of India while the CC value is reduced during the westerly phase. For the northeast Indian region, concurrent CC values are showing high (low) during the westerly (easterly) phase of QBO. In addition, the warm PDO events are persistent during the summer monsoon period in association of easterly (westerly) phase of QBO causes drought (flood) events over India. However, the cold phase of PDO follows the easterly and westerly phase of QBO where the indication of drought and flood events is not persistent.