LONG NON-CODING RNAS AS REGULATORS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A large part of the human genome is transcribed into non-coding RNA. This review focuses on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the regulation of gene expression. We considered information about the molecular mechanisms of of lncRNAs functioning, features of their interaction with miRNAs, mRNAs, DNA and the participation of lncRNAs in physiological and pathological processes of the cardiovascular system. In particular, the review shows the role of lncRNAs in cardiac cell differentiation, ischemic myocardial damage, cardiac hypertrophy, endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction. Significant changes in the expression of individual lncRNAs in cardiac pathologies allow the use of these molecules for diagnostic purposes and as possible therapeutic targets.