In-vitro evaluation of a partially biodegradable TiMg dental implant: The cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate the In-vitro response, including cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress, of a pretreated dental implant (DI) that was produced from a novel partially biodegradable Ti17Mg composite material. Viability and adhesion, and morphological alteration of Mouse fibroblast NCTC clone 929 cell line (L929) and human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) were evaluated using MTT and live/dead assays. The genotoxic potential was investigated by comet and plasmid DNA interaction assays. The oxygen reactive species (ROS) formation was detected by Oxidative stress testing. The results showed surface pretreatment by 20 h prewashing in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) at 20 mL.cm−2 concertation minimized the hypermagnesemia effect. Compared with the Ti Grade 4 (TiGR4) reference EDS analysis confirmed formation of a Ca/P-rich biomimetic layer on the surface of Ti17Mg DI after extraction in DMEM. The indirect MTT assay revealed that Ti17Mg DI extracts exerted a mild level of cytotoxicity without any induced morphological alteration of the incubated cells. The direct assays showed that the initial cell adhesion and proliferation were improved. No DNA damage was induced by Ti17Mg DI. No detection for smearing or loss of plasmid DNA was found. Oxidative stress confirmed no increase in ROS levels. In-vitro evaluation study confirmed a desirable In-vitro response of pretreated Ti17Mg that was comparable to that of the TiGR4 reference. The obtained results suggest the Ti17Mg composite exhibits a promising application potential as a material for the fabrication of DI.