Importance of soil microbes on panchagavya based fertilizer for sustainable agriculture: A review

Panchagavya is an organic formulation prepared from milk, curd, cow ghee, cow urine, cow dung, and other optional ingredients. Panchagavya also contains plant growth regulatory substances such as indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid, as well as other essential plant nutrients. Due to chemical fertilizers pollution and detrimental effect on the soil health, panchgavya plays a major role in the organic farming as a replacement of chemical one. Moreover, studies revealed the presence of several beneficial microorganisms such as Actinomycetes, Pseudomonas, photosynthetic bacteria and fungi in panchagavya which plays a major role as growth enhancer for crops and make soil more productivity.