Evaluation of In-Vitro Anti-Tuberculosis Activity of Tetrapleura tetraptera Crude and Fractions on Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The management, control and elimination of tuberculosis (TB) have been\r\ndifficult with the advent of HIV and cases of multidrug resistant (MDR-TB)\r\ntuberculosis. The cases of multidrug\r\nresistance to rifampicin and isoniazid pose greater challenges on first line and second line drugs to eliminate\r\nTB. The study is aimed at establishing anti-tuberculosis activity of Tetrapleura\r\ntetraptera against Mycobacterium\r\ntuberculosis and MDR-TB and the phytochemical present. The leaves of Tetrapleura tetraptera were collected, weighed, dried and pulverized to\r\npowder. The pulverized leaves of Tetrapleura tetraptera were subjected to 70% methanol extraction and\r\nscreened for phytochemical. The crude extract was further purified into\r\nfractions using silica gel and thin layer chromatography techniques. M.\r\ntuberculosis and MDR-TB were\r\nobtained from positive acid fast bacilli sputa of TB patients and\r\nconfirmed using GeneXpert to\r\ndifferentiate genotypic drug susceptible M. tuberculosis and MDR-TB. The sputa\r\nwere digested using sodium hydroxide-cysteine technique and cultured in\r\nMiddlebrook 7H9. The crude extract and fractions were screened for\r\nanti-tuberculosis activity using tetrazolium microtitre plate assay. The\r\nresults showed that Tetrapleura tetraptera crude had activities against M. tuberculosis at 7.4 ± 0 mg/ml and 27.5 ± 0 mg/ml for MDR-TB. One of the fractions inhibited the growth of M.\r\ntuberculosis at 0.24 ± 0 mg/ml and MDR-TB at 0.89 ± 0 mg/ml. The phytochemical screened includes tannins,\r\nalkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and resins. T. tetraptra possesses\r\nanti-tuberculosis potential at low concentration on MDR-TB and can be a lead compound in drug development for the treatment of\r\ntuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis.