An overview of beneficiary aspects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on performance of cement composites

Abstract Nanotechnology provides an innovative approach at the interjection of science and technology especially in the concrete sector to solve the issues prevailing in the construction industry. The prime concern is related to the development of sustainable concrete with enhancement of performance in terms of strength and durability. On the parallel concern is related to decrease in cement use and production leading to reduced global carbon dioxide emissions. As per literature, various nanoparticles have been used in this context as a partial substituent for cement due to their small size, high surface area and pozzolanic action. This review highlights the beneficiary role of zinc oxide nanoparticles in improving the performance of cement composites. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have unique optic, antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity. These ultra-fine nanoparticles have a filler effect and have been found to impact the hydration reaction in the cement matrix. The introduction of ZnO nanoparticles has been found to impart photocatalytic properties in the cement structures. The impact of ZnO nanoparticles on setting time, microstructure and strength has been discussed in detail. Study reveals that with optimized dosage of these nanoparticles, mortars and concrete with increased mechanical strength and antimicrobial properties can be prepared. It provides an innovative pathway in construction industry to build self-cleaning, durable and eco-friendly structures.