Effect of different in vitro and in vivo variables on the efficiency of doubled haploid production in Triticum aestivum L. using Imperata cylindrica -mediated chromosome elimination technique

Development of doubled haploid (DH) plants in wheat is an important technique for establishment of completely homozygous lines in the shortest time frame. In this study, we standardized the in vitro and in vivo variables for the production of wheat DH plants via crossing of three spring wheat genotypes with a wild grass ( Imperata cylindrica ). The experiment involves testing new treatments and protocol modifications for 2 years. Wheat florets were pollinated with I. cylindrica pollen after 2 days of emasculation, and next day pollinated spikes were injected with different auxin analogues: 100 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 100 mg/l 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) or 50 mg/l 2,4-D + 50 mg/l dicamba. A combination of 50 mg/l 2,4-D and 50 mg/l dicamba was superior to other treatments having maximum haploid embryos and haploid plants developed per emasculated florets. The responsiveness of embryo formation to the addition of silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) (the ethylene inhibitor) with the auxin treatments showed that the presence of silver nitrate in the medium may not be essential for wheat embryo induction. Time of embryo rescue had a significant effect on embryo and haploid plant production. The most successful time for embryo rescue was 24 days after pollination (DAP) resulting in maximum haploid plants developed (40% in wheat variety AKYK92 and 25% each in variety HD2888 and HS542). The immature embryos were cultured in different media, i.e. Murashige and Skoog (MS), half-strength MS, modified MS media, Gamborg’s B5 and modified B5 media. Maximum number of haploid plants were found in half-strength MS media in all accessions (60.0%) followed by modified MS media (40.00%). For colchicine concentration, during 2016–2017, maximum numbers of DHs with less plant mortality were obtained at 0.08 and 0.06% dose. Taking into account the first year results, refinement of the dose in the second year showed that colchicine doses of 0.08 and 0.075% were the best dose for maximizing DH induction in wheat; however, in this case the number of examined plants was very small. Therefore, we can treat the two doses as a guide for further research on larger samples.