Finding all multi-state minimal paths of a multi-state flow network via feasible circulations

Multi-state minimal paths, called d-minimal paths (d-MPs), are a popular tool for computing the reliability of multi-state flow networks. Most of the existing algorithms seek for d-MPs by solving an NP-hard Diophantine system in terms of the implicit enumeration method that is simple yet inefficient. This paper focuses on the development of a novel method for finding all d-MPs. By exploring the relationship between d-MPs and feasible circulations that are a well-known network flow problem, this paper proposes a distinctive method integrating the traditional max-flow algorithm and a partition technique to find all d-MPs. The developed method seeks for d-MPs by solving feasible circulations, rather than by solving an NP-hard Diophantine system; additionally, it neither requires MPs nor generates duplicate d-MPs during the solution process. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate the advantage of the developed method, and a real delivery network example is presented to illustrate its application.