Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of flubendiamide resistance in Plutella xylostella

Diamondback moth (DBM),Plutella xylostella, is an important pest of crucifers worldwide. The extensive use of diamide insecticides has led to DBM resistance in the world, and this presents a serious threat to vegetable production. In the present study, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were combined to investigate the potential flubendiamide-resistance mechanism in DBM. The lab-selected (R-h) and field-collected (R-b) flubendiamide-resistant lines ofP. xylostellawith resistance ratios of 1889.92-fold and 1250.97-fold, respectively, were used, as well as a lab-reared flubendiamide-susceptible line (S). Compared with the S group, the transcriptomic analysis revealed 151 upregulated and 287 downregulated gene messengers in the R(h)group and 432 upregulated and 565 downregulated gene messengers in the R(b)group. The most frequently enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in metabolic pathways. Metabolism related genes, including two P450, two ABC transporters, and three trypsins, were upregulated in the R(h)line. Additionally, some P450 genes, trypsin, juvenile hormone (JH), and mucin genes were also upregulated in the R(b)line. In proteomic analysis comparisons with the S group, there were 78 upregulated and 90 downregulated proteins in the R(h)group and 221 upregulated and 155 downregulated proteins in the R(b)group. Further analyses found that three CYP and 11 CYP proteins were over-expressed in R(h)and R(b)lines, respectively. Four glutathione S-transferase (GST) and four UGTs were over-expressed in R(b)line. So, we deduced that the detoxification metabolism may be the main mechanism of flubendiamide resistance inP. xylostella.