Introducing TC intensity into the DSAEF_LTP Model and Simulating Precipitation of Super Typhoon Lekima (2019)

In this study, the Dynamical-Statistical-Analog Ensemble Forecast model for landfall typhoon precipitation (the DSAEF_LTP model), which has been developed by Renet al., in 2020, is applied to precipitation simulations for super-typhoonLekima(2019), a tropical cyclone (TC) that produced heavy rainfall over eastern China. A new variable, TC intensity, is introduced into the generalized initial value (GIV) of the DSAEF_LTP model. Two different groups of simulation experiments, one group including the new TC intensity variable in the GIV and the other group excluding it, have been conducted. Results show that, with TC intensity, the ability of the DSAEF_LTP model to forecast heavy rainfall (i.e. accumulated precipitation exceeding thresholds of 250 and 100 mm) forLekimais improved. Itsthreat score(TS) ranks the second compared with that of three numerical weather prediction models (i.e.ECMWF, GRAPESandGFS). Further study shows that three factors prevent the DSAEF_LTP model from achieving more satisfactory results forLekima: the historically rare occurrence of extreme precipitation in northern China duringLekima, the increase of forecast track error whenLekimamoved northwards, and the calculation of similarity between tracks ofLekimaand historical TCs within an improper region (i.e. similarity region). To solve the third problem, new similarity region schemes are adopted that produce higherTS, in which caseTSof precipitation greater than 100 mm (TS100) ranks first andTSof precipitation greater than 250 mm (TS250) gets closer to the first place.