Crystalline D-pi-D porphyrin molecules as a hole-transporting material for printable perovskite solar cells

We designed D-π-D porphyrin molecules as crystalline, hydrophobic, and p-type conductive with a desired surface energy to the perovskite up-layer via molecular engineering process. The device exhibited superior operational stabilities with high power conversion efficiency of 12.88% under AM 1.5 G (100 mW·cm−2) illumination.