Minimally invasive closure of ventricular septal defects in pediatric cardiac surgery

This article presents a feasible operative technique for the closure of various types of ventricular septal defects in infant heart surgery via a minimally invasive technique (partial inferior sternotomy). Additionally, the limitations of this alternative surgical access are presented and a comparison with the contemporary literature is given. The etiology, pathophysiology and diagnostic work-up of this cardiac malformation and the aftercare of affected patients are discussed elsewhere.