Effect of grain size of dental zirconia on shear bond strength of composite resin cement.

The effect of grain size of dental zirconia on the shear bond strength of composite resin cement was newly studied. Disc-shaped dental zirconia with small (sample S) and large (sample L) grains were made by sintering of pre-sintered dental zirconia at 1450 degrees C for 0.5 h and 40 h, respectively. After the sintering, the average grain size of sample S was 1.37 +/- 0.15 mu m, while that of sample L was 3.74 +/- 0.50 mu m. The sintered discs were successively polished with different grades of diamond and alumina slurries. The interfacial free energies were 63.5 +/- 4.2 dyne/cm for sample S and 52.1 +/- 5.5 dyne/cm for sample L. Stainless steel cylinders, previously sandblasted with 50 mu m alumina powder, were bonded to the zirconia discs using composite resin cement. Next, samples were kept in an oven for 7 d at 36.5 degrees C. The shear bond strength of sample S was 23.0 +/- 4.5 MPa while that of sample L was 17.5 +/- 4.6 MPa. After the fracture, the areal % values of composite resin cement remaining on the zirconia surfaces were 89.7 +/- 5.9% for sample S and 61.6 +/- 5.5% for sample L. The results suggest that grain size reduction has a potential to enhance the degree of bonding between a composite resin cement and a dental zirconia due to the increase of interfacial free energy.