Deep brain stimulation in drug-resistant epilepsy

Introduction. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in drug-resistant epilepsy has been applied to several brain targets. However, its exact mechanism of action is not known, and the diversity of targets makes it difficult to know the degree of evidence that supports its use. Development. A review of the literature on DBS for drug-resistant epilepsy was conducted. The efficacy of DBS in drug-resistant epilepsy seems to be mediated by a desynchronisation of neuronal activity at the epileptogenicfocus or a modulation of the 'circuitopathies' that exist in epilepsy, depending on the target. In DBS multiple cortical and subcortical structures have been used, but class I evidence exists only for DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. Conclusions. DBS in epilepsy is still under investigation, with class I evidence for DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. The rest of the targets have yielded variable results that must be confirmed with randomised designs in larger series.