Assessment of non-adapted, micronutrients loaded adapted-Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their culture filtrates as bio-fertilizers for increasing Faba bean growth and productivity.

The effect of Cu2+ on the growth and biosorption properties of non-adapted (parental) and Cu(2+)adapted S. cerevisiae was studied. The level of Cu2+ uptake and cells growth was dependent on initial Cu2+ concentration. The 50% growth inhibition of non-adapted S. cerevisiae was at 82 ppm of Cu2+, while the 50% growth inhibition of Cu2+-adapted S. cerevisiae was at 136.7of Cu2+. The results indicated that Cu2+-adapted S. cerevisiae was able to grow in the presence of 246 ppm of Cu2+ amended glucose-peptone liquid medium. No growth was observed when non-adapted strain grown on 191.33 to 246 ppm of Cu2+ amended medium. On the other hand, Cu2+-adapted S. cerevisiae significantly tolerated elevated levels of Fe3+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ than non-adapted one. It is to be noted that the Cu2+-adapted S. cerevisiae can able to uptake different considerable proportion of Fe3+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ in addition to Cu2+ when was cultured in their presence. The response of yield and its components of three Faba bean cultivars were studied after spraying by micronutrients loaded, non-loaded S. cerevisiae suspensions or their culture filtrates. The results indicated that there were significant differences between Faba bean varieties in yield and its components (except, number of seeds/pod, seed yield/plant and protein percentage. Foliar application with culture filtrate of Cu2+-adapted S. cerevisiae (FT) containing Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ to Faba bean plants was the most favorable treatment to increase yield and its components compared with control treatment. With respect to the interaction between Faba bean varieties and the different treatments of micronutrients loaded, non-loaded yeasts or their culture filtrates, the effect on yield and its components was significant (except, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of seeds/pod, seed yield/plant and seed yield/feddan).