Computed tomography chest imaging offers no advantage over chest X-ray in the initial assessment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

Background The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) score identifies gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients as low- or high-risk of single-agent chemotherapy resistance (SACR). Computed tomography (CT) has greater sensitivity than chest X-ray (CXR) in detecting pulmonary metastases, but effects upon outcomes remain unclear. Methods Five hundred and eighty-nine patients underwent both CXR and CT during GTN assessment. Treatment decisions were CXR based. The number of metastases, risk scores, and risk category using CXR versus CT were compared. CT-derived chest assessment was evaluated as impact upon treatment decision compared to patient outcome, incidence of SACR, time-to-normal human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (TNhCG), and primary chemotherapy resistance (PCR). Results Metastasis detection ( p < 0.0001) and FIGO score ( p = 0.001) were higher using CT versus CXR. CT would have increased FIGO score in 188 (31.9%), with 43 re-classified from low- to high-risk, of whom 23 (53.5%) received curative single-agent chemotherapy. SACR was higher when score ( p = 0.044) or risk group ( p < 0.0001) changed. Metastases on CXR ( p = 0.019) but not CT ( p = 0.088) lengthened TNhCG. Logistic regression analysis found no difference between CXR (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.63) versus CT (AUC = 0.64) in predicting PCR. Conclusions CT chest would improve the prediction of SACR, but does not influence overall treatment outcome, TNhCG, or prediction of PCR. Lower radiation doses and cost mean ongoing CXR-based assessment is recommended.