Formation of Cyclopropanes via Activation of (γ-Methoxy)alkyl Gold(I) Complexes with Lewis Acids
Organometallics(2020)
Abstract
Treatment of the gold 3-methoxy-3-phenylpropyl complex (P)AuCH2CH2CH(OMe)Ph [P = P(t-Bu)2o-biphenyl] with AlCl3 at −78°C led to the immediate (≤5 min) formation of a 4:1 mixture of phenylcyclopropane and (1-methoxypropyl)benzene in 86 ± 5% combined yield. Lewis acid activation of the stereochemically pure isotopomer erythro-(P)AuCH2CHDCH(OMe)Ph led to the formation of cis-2-deuterio-1-phenylcyclopropane in 84 ± 5% yield as a single stereoisomer, which established that cyclopropanation occurred with inversion of the γ-stereocenter. Similarly, ionization of the stereochemically pure cyclohexyl gold complex cis-(P)AūCHCH2CH(OMe)CH2CH2̄CH2 at −78°C formed bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane in 82% ± 5% yield, which validated a low energy pathway for cyclopropanation involving inversion of the α-stereocenter. Taken together, these observations are consistent with a mechanism for cyclopropane formation involving backside displacement of both the Cγ leaving group and the Cα (L)Au+ fragment via a W-shaped transition state.
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Key words
cyclopropanes,lewis acids,complexes
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